WHAT'S IT DENGUE FEVER?
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti, that grows up in the accumulated water in containers and objects in disuse. Dengue is a febrile disease transmitted by a virus and characterized by fever of sudden appearance that lasts 3 to 7 days accompanied by headache, joints and muscles. A serious variety of the fever dengue is the haemorrhagic dengue (DH) that attends with loss of liquid and blood by upheavals of the coagulation. Both are diseases transmitted by the same predominant mosquito in the tropical, in Africa, north of Australia and in South America, although in these last times it is occurring in Europe and North America. (Dengue is an acute viral disease that, being more susceptible the children and the people majors and whose vector or transmitting agent is the mosquito Aedes (Class: Insects, Order: Dipterous). Dengue is caused by four serotypes of the virus of dengue: DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 or DEN-4; closely related to the serotypes of the Flavivirus sort, the Flaviviridae family.
SYMPTOMS After a period of incubation it enters 5 to 8 days, appears a viral picture characterized by fever, headaches and intense pain in the joints (arthralgia) and muscles (mialgia) - by that has been called him “fever rompehuesos” -, inflammation of the lymphatic ganglia and eruptions in the red skin punctiform of shining color, call petequia, that usually appear in the extremities inferiors and the thorax of the patients, from where extends to include the body most of. Other less frequent manifestations include:
- Gastritis with a combination of abdominal pain
- Constipation
- Renal complications hepatic complications
- Inflammation of the spleen
- Nauseas
- Distorted perception of the flavor of foods
- Vomits
- Diarrhea
- Bleeding of nose
- Bleeding of encías
Some cases much more develop slight symptoms that can, when the eruption does not appear, being diagnosed like resfriado or other viral infections. Thus, the tourists of the tropical zones can transmit dengue in their countries of origin, to correctly not to be diagnosed in the apogee of their disease. The patients with dengue can only transmit the infection only through mosquitos or products derived from the blood and while they still are febrile. The signs of alarm in a patient with dengue that can mean imminent a circulatory collapse include:
- Abdominal pain
- Coldness in hands and feet and exaggerated pallor
- Profuse perspiration and sticky skin in the rest of the body
- Sangramiento by the mucous, like encías or nose
- Drowsiness or irritability
HOW TO PREVENT IT?
Typically, the preventive measures must include these areas:
Accomplishment of surveys epidemiologists and larvario control. Surveys in the locality to need the densidad the population of mosquitos vectors, to identify its deposits (with respect to Aedes aegypti in general includes natural or artificial containers in which it is deposited by long time in clean water, close or within the houses, for example, old woman tires and other objects). The tires in deshuso with water, the tanks, floreros of cemetery, flowerpots, are some of the most common habitats of the mosquitos of dengue.
Promotion of preventive conducts on the part of the population.
- Education on dengue and its prevention. Risk, susceptibility and severity of dengue, including the haemorrhagic one. Description of the vector, schedules of activity, operational range, etc. Description of the preventive measures.
- Elimination of deposits of larvae. To clean to patios and ceilings of any prolific potential of larvae. For the tanks it is recommended to add small amounts of chlorine on the level of the water. For the simply vacíelos tires. It can place sand to him to avoid the accumulation of liquid. Another solution is to put fish guppy (reticulata Poecilia) in the water, that will eat the larvae.
- Use of physical barriers (use of mosquito nettings in windows, fabrics when sleeping)
- Use of repulsive of insects. To specify which and how they must be used. Elimination of deposits of larvae by the same public sector. Due to the lack of success in the adoption of these conducts, usually the public sector ends up realising them. Communication of risks through massive means. It is essential to increase the risk perceived, the perceived susceptibility and the perceived value of the precautionary measures on the part of the population so that it adopts this them.
HOW TO CURE IT?There is no a specific medicine to deal with the infection dengue. The base of the treatment for this disease is the support therapy. The increase of the ingestion of oral liquids is recommended to prevent the dehydration. In order to alleviate to the pain and the fever it is very important to avoid aspirina and the drugs antiinflammatories nonsteroids, since these medecines can aggravate the hemorrhage associated with some of these infections, by their anticoagulating effects, in their place the patients must take paracetamol (acetaminofén), although this one are only a palliative. Evidences exist of which the patients with febrile symptoms that are conceited dengue do not have to be exhibited to changes of temperature by contact (water or others), because she was determined that the effect exacerbates the signs of the disease, putting in doubt the application of average physicists in these cases. The suplementación with intravenous liquids can get to be necessary to prevent the dehydration and the important concentration with the blood if the patient is incapable to maintain the ingestion oral. A transfusion of plaquetas is indicated in rare cases, if the level of plaquetas falls significantly (below 20,000) or if there is significant hemorrhage. The presence of melena can indicate digestive hemorrhage intern, that it requires of plaquetas and/or the red blood cell transfusion. New tests suggest micofenólico acid and the ribavirina inhibits the replication of the virus.
TO PREVENT DENGUE IS TASK OF ALL!!!
TEAM:
Karla Gliceria Soto Cueva N°.L. 39
Ihatzel Nanelit Ocón Álvarez N°.L. 33
Alicia Jocelyn Cortés Zamora N°.L. 9
2° "C"
